The rapid changes in family structure and increases in the aging population in recent decades raise several issues about aging. For example, older adults are more likely to be single and have fewer children, implying an increase in living alone and a lack of family support networks among older people. Today’s talk focuses on how shifts in family structure are related to caregiving in later life. First, I introduce changes in family structure and how these changes are associated with caregiving later in life. Then, I present two case studies examining family structure and caregiving gaps across Western societies. The studies particularly explore how the caregiving gap relates to older adults without a partner or children (kinless). Finally, I discuss the implications and future research.